Ar-Rum · Muhammad

Part of the travel-and-observe formula cluster (12:109, 30:9, 35:44, 40:82, 47:10 all share this phrase); this pair is 30:9 and 47:10.

Ar-Rum · Fatir

Both contain 'have they not traveled the earth and observed how was the end of those before them?'; see also 30:9/40:82 (batch 5) and 12:109/40:82 for the wider cluster.

Ar-Rum · Ghafir

Both open with 'have they not traveled the earth and observed how was the end of those before them?'; 30:9 notes the predecessors were stronger and cultivated the land more, 40:82 uses the same rhetorical opening for a parallel point.

Ar-Rum · Az-Zumar

Verbatim: 'Allah extends provision for whom He wills and restricts it; indeed in that are signs for a people who believe'; 30:37 follows a command on generosity to relatives, 39:52 is a rhetorical question to those who claim Allah wronged them.

Ar-Rum · Ash-Shura

Both warn: 'before there comes a Day from Allah of which there is no repelling'; 30:43 calls to establish yourself toward the upright religion, 42:47 calls to respond to your Lord before an irrevocable day.

At-Tawbah · Ar-Rum

Both share the nations-wronging-themselves formula: 'their messengers came to them with clear proofs, and Allah was not going to wrong them, but they were wronging themselves'; 9:70 is in a list of destroyed nations, 30:9 closes the travel-and-observe invitation.

An-Naml · Ar-Rum

Nearly identical: the Prophet cannot guide the blind from misguidance; only those who believe in Allah's signs will hear. Minor orthographic variant: بِهَادِي (27:81) vs بِهَادِ (30:53).

Yusuf · Ar-Rum

Final pair completing the ten-way travel-and-observe cluster (12:109, 30:9, 35:44, 40:82, 47:10 -- all C(5,2)=10 combinations now curated): 'have they not traveled the earth and observed how was the end of those before them?'